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Testosterone propionate is a slower releasing anabolic steroid with a short half-life. This characteristic allows the user to run short testosterone propionate cycles of 8-10 weeks as optimal peak blood plasma levels are achieved at 2-4 weeks.4 It is a synthetic androstane steroid derivative of testosterone in the form of 17β propionate ester of testosterone.2 Testosterone propionate was developed initially by Watson labs, and FDA approved on February 5, 1974. Currently, this drug has been discontinued in humans, but the vet application is still available as an OTC.5

Pharmacodynamics

The administration of testosterone propionate can induce production of proteins related to male sexual development.7 On the other hand, testosterone itself present an estrogenic activity due to interaction with aromatase enzyme, thus the continuous aministration of testosterone propionate may cause the elevation of plasma estrogen.6 Clinical trials showed as well, a decrease in plasma LH after testosterone propionate administration.1

Mechanism of action

The effects of testosterone in humans and other vertebrates occur by way of two main mechanisms: by activation of the androgen receptor (directly or as DHT), and by conversion to estradiol and activation of certain estrogen receptors. Free testosterone (T) is transported into the cytoplasm of target tissue cells, where it can bind to the androgen receptor, or can be reduced to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the cytoplasmic enzyme 5alpha-reductase. The areas of binding are called hormone response elements (HREs), and influence transcriptional activity of certain genes, producing the androgen effects.